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A molecular-level description of the oxygen evolution reaction using in situ spectroscopy

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Water electrolysis stands as a cornerstone technology for green hydrogen production from renewable energy and consists of two half-cell reactions: the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The sluggish kinetics of the state-of-the-art OER electrocatalysts based on iridium oxide severely limit the overall efficiency of the process and, consequently, its economic viability. An in-depth comprehension of the atomic-level mechanisms governing this reaction is considered essential for designing enhanced materials and advancing the transition to a sustainable and resilient energy sector. In situ structural characterization techniques, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, serve this purpose well as they enable real-time monitoring of the chemical composition, structural phase, and electronic configuration of the species at the gas/liquid/solid interface during the interfacial electrocatalytic turnover. In this talk, I will present an overview of the experimental approaches developed in our group and by others to probe the reactive interface during OER , as well as our current understanding of the reaction mechanism on Ir-O-based systems gained using both soft and hard X-ray spectroscopic techniques.

References

1) R Arrigo, M H ävecker, ME Schuster, C Ranjan, E Stotz, A Knop-Gericke et al.,

In situ study of the gas-phase electrolysis of water on platinum by NAP -XPS,

Angewandte Chemie International Edition 52 (2013), 11660-11664

2) JJ Velasco‐Velez, V Pfeifer, M H ävecker, RS Weatherup, R Arrigo et al., Photoelectron spectroscopy at the graphene–liquid interface reveals the electronic structure of an electrodeposited cobalt/graphene electrocatalyst, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54 (2015), 14554-14558

3) A Knop-Gericke, V Pfeifer, JJ Velasco-Velez, T Jones, R Arrigo et al., In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of electrochemically active solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 221 (2017), 10-17

4) V Pfeifer, TE Jones, JJV V élez, R Arrigo, S Piccinin, M H ävecker et al., In situ observation of reactive oxygen species forming on oxygen-evolving iridium surfaces, Chemical science 8 (2017), 2143-2149 5) V Pfeifer, TE Jones, S Wrabetz, C Massué, JJV V élez, R Arrigo et al., Reactive oxygen species in iridium-based OER catalysts, Chemical science 7 (2017), 6791-6795

6) JJ Velasco-Vélez, EA Carbonio, CH Chuang, CJ Hsu, JF Lee, R Arrigo, et al., Surface electron-hole rich species active in the electrocatalytic water oxidation, Journal of the American Chemical Society 143 (2021), 12524-12534

7) JJV V élez, D Bernsmeier, TE Jones, P Zeller, E Carbonio, CH Chuang, et al., The rise of electrochemical NAPXPS operated in the soft X-ray regime exemplified by the oxygen evolution reaction on IrO x electrocatalysts, Faraday discussions 236 (2022), 103-125 8) J Ruiz Esquius, DJ Morgan, G Algara Siller, D Gianolio, M Aramini et al., Lithium-directed transformation of amorphous iridium (oxy) hydroxides to produce active water oxidation catalysts, Journal of the American Chemical Society 145 (2023), 6398-6409 9) M Falsaperna, R Arrigo, F Marken, SJ Freakley Alkali Containing Layered Metal Oxides as Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction, ChemElectroChem 2024, e202300761

This talk is part of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Flows (IEEF) series.

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