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SUMMARY:Phonological Acquisition and Theory Construction - Dr Bert Vaux.  
 University of Cambridge\, Department of Linguistics.
DTSTART:20071023T150000Z
DTEND:20071023T163000Z
UID:TALK8359@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Napoleon Katsos
DESCRIPTION:This paper surveys a range of core phonological effects in fir
 st- and second-languageacquisition:\n(i) spontaneous emergence of opacity 
 in acquisition of L1 (Jesney 2005) and L2 (Idsardi 2002)\, derived environ
 ment effects (Kiparsky and Menn 1987\, Eckman and Iverson 1995)\, and unna
 tural processes (Smith 1973\, Bedore et al. 1994\, Edwards 1996\, Gierut a
 nd Champion 2000)\; \n\n(ii) inter- and intra-grammar variation (Tropf 198
 7\, Vihman and Greenlee 1987\, Vaux 2005)\; \n\n(iii) convention/hypergene
 ralisation (abstraction of rules in the absence of unambiguous evidence\; 
 Tenenbaum 1999\, Vaux 2006) and the 3-exposures-togeneralisation rule (Lou
 Ann Gerken\, p.c.)\; \n\n(iv) interlanguage (Vaux 2005)\; \n\n(v) avoidanc
 e (Celce-Murcia 1977\, Kellerman 1977)\; and investigates their implicatio
 ns for phonological theory. Specifically\, the surveyed effects are shown 
 to be:\na. incompatible with parallelist models such as Optimality Theory 
 and Connectionism and their attendant learning theories (the Gradual Learn
 ing Algorithm (Boersma and Hayes 2001)\, Recursive Constraint Demotion (Te
 sar & Smolensky 2000)\, and error-driven learning (Gluck 1991 inter alia))
 \; \n\nb. consistent with a theory in which phonological generalisations a
 re captured in the form of ordered\, deterministic\, symbolic rules abstra
 cted from the primary linguistic data by general cognitive mechanisms that
  employ informationtheoretic learning (Gallistel 2003) and strong-sampling
  Bayesian inference (Tenenbaum & Griffiths 2001). \n\nReferences\n\nBedore
 \, L.\, J. Leonard\, and J. Gandour. 1994. The substitution of a click for
  sibilants: A case study. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 8:283-293.\n\nB
 oersma\, Paul and Bruce Hayes. 2001. Empirical tests of the Gradual Learni
 ng Algorithm. Linguistic Inquiry 32:45-86.\n\nCelce-Murcia\, M. 1977. Phon
 ological factors in vocabulary acquisition: a case study of a two-year-old
  English-French bilingual. Working Papers in Bilingualism 13:27-41.\n\nEck
 man\, Fred\, A. Elreyes\, & Greg Iverson. 2003. Some Principles of Second 
 Language Phonology. Second Language Research 19:169-208.\n\nEdwards\, Mary
  Louise. 1996. Word position effects in the production of fricatives. In B
 ernhardt\, Barbara\, John Gilbert and David Ingram (eds.)\, Proceedings of
  the UBC International Conference on Phonological Acquisition. Somerville\
 , MA: Cascadilla Press.\n\nGallistel\, C. Randy. 2003. Conditioning from a
 n information processing perspective. Behavioural Processes 1234:1-13.\n\n
 Gierut\, Judith and Annette Hust Champion. 2000. Ingressive substitutions:
  typical or atypical phonological pattern? Clinical Linguistics & Phonetic
 s 14.8:603-617.\n\nGluck\, M. 1991. Stimulus generalization and representa
 tion in adaptive network models of category learning. Psychological Scienc
 e 2.1:50-55.\n\nIdsardi\, William. 2002. Further opacity issues: spontaneo
 us L2 opacity. Proceedings of the 2002 LSK International Summer Conference
 .\n\nJesney\, Karen. 2005. Chain Shift in Phonological Acquisition. Master
 ’s thesis\, University of Calgary.\n\nKellerman\, E. 1977. Towards a cha
 racterization of the strategy of transfer in second language learning. Int
 erlanguage Studies Bulletin 2:58-145.\n\nSmith\, Neil. 1973. The acquisiti
 on of phonology: A case study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n\nT
 enenbaum\, Joshua. 1999. A Bayesian framework for concept learning. Doctor
 al dissertation\, MIT.\n\nTenenbaum\, Joshua and Thomas Griffiths. 2001. G
 eneralization\, similarity\, and Bayesian inference. Behavioral and Brain 
 Sciences 24.4:629-640.\n\nTesar\, Bruce and Paul Smolesnky. 2000. Learnabi
 lity in Optimality Theory. Cambridge\, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.\n\nTr
 opf\, Herbert. 1987. Sonority as a variability factor in second language p
 honology. In Sound patterns in second language acquisition\, James and Lea
 ther\, eds.\, 173-191. Dordrecht: Foris.\n\nVaux\, Bert. 2005. What Second
  Language Phonology tells us about the structure of the phonological compo
 nent. Paper presented at the Association Internationale de Linguistique Ap
 pliquée\, Madison\, Wisconsin\, July 25.\n\nVaux\, Bert. 2006. Disputatio
 n on the Power and Efficacy of Reductionism\, with special reference to La
 nguage. Colloquium presentation at the Centre for Advanced Study in Theore
 tical Linguistics\, University of Tromsø\, 30 November.\n\nVihman\, Maril
 yn and M. Greenlee. 1987. Individual differences in phonological developme
 nt: ages one and three years. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 30:50
 3-521. 
LOCATION:GR-06/07\, English Faculty Building
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