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CATEGORIES:RCEAL Tuesday Colloquia
SUMMARY:Phonological Acquisition and Theory Construction -
  Dr Bert Vaux.  University of Cambridge\, Departme
 nt of Linguistics.
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20071023T160000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20071023T173000
UID:TALK8359AThttp://talks.cam.ac.uk
URL:http://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/8359
DESCRIPTION:This paper surveys a range of core phonological ef
 fects in first- and second-languageacquisition:\n(
 i) spontaneous emergence of opacity in acquisition
  of L1 (Jesney 2005) and L2 (Idsardi 2002)\, deriv
 ed environment effects (Kiparsky and Menn 1987\, E
 ckman and Iverson 1995)\, and unnatural processes 
 (Smith 1973\, Bedore et al. 1994\, Edwards 1996\, 
 Gierut and Champion 2000)\; \n\n(ii) inter- and in
 tra-grammar variation (Tropf 1987\, Vihman and Gre
 enlee 1987\, Vaux 2005)\; \n\n(iii) convention/hyp
 ergeneralisation (abstraction of rules in the abse
 nce of unambiguous evidence\; Tenenbaum 1999\, Vau
 x 2006) and the 3-exposures-togeneralisation rule 
 (LouAnn Gerken\, p.c.)\; \n\n(iv) interlanguage (V
 aux 2005)\; \n\n(v) avoidance (Celce-Murcia 1977\,
  Kellerman 1977)\; and investigates their implicat
 ions for phonological theory. Specifically\, the s
 urveyed effects are shown to be:\na. incompatible 
 with parallelist models such as Optimality Theory 
 and Connectionism and their attendant learning the
 ories (the Gradual Learning Algorithm (Boersma and
  Hayes 2001)\, Recursive Constraint Demotion (Tesa
 r & Smolensky 2000)\, and error-driven learning (G
 luck 1991 inter alia))\; \n\nb. consistent with a 
 theory in which phonological generalisations are c
 aptured in the form of ordered\, deterministic\, s
 ymbolic rules abstracted from the primary linguist
 ic data by general cognitive mechanisms that emplo
 y informationtheoretic learning (Gallistel 2003) a
 nd strong-sampling Bayesian inference (Tenenbaum &
  Griffiths 2001). \n\nReferences\n\nBedore\, L.\, 
 J. Leonard\, and J. Gandour. 1994. The substitutio
 n of a click for sibilants: A case study. Clinical
  Linguistics & Phonetics 8:283-293.\n\nBoersma\, P
 aul and Bruce Hayes. 2001. Empirical tests of the 
 Gradual Learning Algorithm. Linguistic Inquiry 32:
 45-86.\n\nCelce-Murcia\, M. 1977. Phonological fac
 tors in vocabulary acquisition: a case study of a 
 two-year-old English-French bilingual. Working Pap
 ers in Bilingualism 13:27-41.\n\nEckman\, Fred\, A
 . Elreyes\, & Greg Iverson. 2003. Some Principles 
 of Second Language Phonology. Second Language Rese
 arch 19:169-208.\n\nEdwards\, Mary Louise. 1996. W
 ord position effects in the production of fricativ
 es. In Bernhardt\, Barbara\, John Gilbert and Davi
 d Ingram (eds.)\, Proceedings of the UBC Internati
 onal Conference on Phonological Acquisition. Somer
 ville\, MA: Cascadilla Press.\n\nGallistel\, C. Ra
 ndy. 2003. Conditioning from an information proces
 sing perspective. Behavioural Processes 1234:1-13.
 \n\nGierut\, Judith and Annette Hust Champion. 200
 0. Ingressive substitutions: typical or atypical p
 honological pattern? Clinical Linguistics & Phonet
 ics 14.8:603-617.\n\nGluck\, M. 1991. Stimulus gen
 eralization and representation in adaptive network
  models of category learning. Psychological Scienc
 e 2.1:50-55.\n\nIdsardi\, William. 2002. Further o
 pacity issues: spontaneous L2 opacity. Proceedings
  of the 2002 LSK International Summer Conference.\
 n\nJesney\, Karen. 2005. Chain Shift in Phonologic
 al Acquisition. Master’s thesis\, University of Ca
 lgary.\n\nKellerman\, E. 1977. Towards a character
 ization of the strategy of transfer in second lang
 uage learning. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin 2:58
 -145.\n\nSmith\, Neil. 1973. The acquisition of ph
 onology: A case study. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer
 sity Press.\n\nTenenbaum\, Joshua. 1999. A Bayesia
 n framework for concept learning. Doctoral dissert
 ation\, MIT.\n\nTenenbaum\, Joshua and Thomas Grif
 fiths. 2001. Generalization\, similarity\, and Bay
 esian inference. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24.
 4:629-640.\n\nTesar\, Bruce and Paul Smolesnky. 20
 00. Learnability in Optimality Theory. Cambridge\,
  Massachusetts: The MIT Press.\n\nTropf\, Herbert.
  1987. Sonority as a variability factor in second 
 language phonology. In Sound patterns in second la
 nguage acquisition\, James and Leather\, eds.\, 17
 3-191. Dordrecht: Foris.\n\nVaux\, Bert. 2005. Wha
 t Second Language Phonology tells us about the str
 ucture of the phonological component. Paper presen
 ted at the Association Internationale de Linguisti
 que Appliquée\, Madison\, Wisconsin\, July 25.\n\n
 Vaux\, Bert. 2006. Disputation on the Power and Ef
 ficacy of Reductionism\, with special reference to
  Language. Colloquium presentation at the Centre f
 or Advanced Study in Theoretical Linguistics\, Uni
 versity of Tromsø\, 30 November.\n\nVihman\, Maril
 yn and M. Greenlee. 1987. Individual differences i
 n phonological development: ages one and three yea
 rs. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 30:503-
 521. 
LOCATION:GR-06/07\, English Faculty Building
CONTACT:Napoleon Katsos
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