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SUMMARY:Multiple macroevolutionary routes to becoming a biodiversity hotsp
 ot - Javier Igea\, Tanentzap Lab
DTSTART:20180517T120000Z
DTEND:20180517T123000Z
UID:TALK82751@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Pallavi Singh
DESCRIPTION:General explanations are lacking as for why biodiversity is ex
 tremely unevenly distributed at regional scales across the planet1. This q
 uestion is exemplified by biodiversity hotspots\, which hold >40% of all s
 pecies yet cover only 17% of the Earth land surface without any obvious ge
 ographic pattern2. Regional differences in biodiversity have been ascribed
  to differences in the rates at which new species are generated\, in times
  of colonisation and in rates of dispersal3\, all of which are at least pa
 rtially driven by the abiotic environment4. However\, these hypotheses hav
 e rarely been tested in conjunction and at a global scale. Here we sought 
 to uncover the processes shaping the disproportionate accumulation of spec
 ies across hotpots of mammal and bird endemicity. Our approach involved an
 alysing the tempo and mode of both diversification and dispersal within ma
 jor biogeographic realms. We found that hotspots had fewer ancient lineage
 s and generally more recent lineages than surrounding non-hotspot regions.
  This difference stemmed from contrasting macroevolutionary routes across 
 biogeographic realms: hotspots in most tropical realms had higher rates of
  in situ cladogenesis whereas those in largely temperate realms received r
 elatively more immigrant species from their surrounding regions. There was
  no support for the hypothesis that hotspots had more time to accumulate d
 iversity as they were not consistently colonised earlier than non-hotspot 
 regions\, nor did these patterns arise merely due to differences in the si
 zes of hotspot and non-hotspot regions. Environmental differences that can
  promote higher rates of cladogenesis and immigration in hotspots than in 
 surrounding regions\, such as greater habitat diversity\, topographic comp
 lexity and energy availability\, may explain our results both within and a
 mong realms. Our study highlights how assessing historical differences in 
 macroevolutionary patterns can help reveal why biodiversity varies so much
  across the globe. 
LOCATION:Department of Plant Sciences\, Large Lecture Theatre
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