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SUMMARY:Noah Mitchell - Mapping the Mechanics and Dynamics of Gut Morphoge
 nesis\; Stefan Harmansa - Shaping Growing Tissues by Basement Membrane Mec
 hanics  - Noah Mitchell - University of Chicago & Stefan Harmansa-Living S
 ystems Institute - University of Exeter United Kingdom
DTSTART:20241104T143000Z
DTEND:20241104T153000Z
UID:TALK220216@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Jia CHEN
DESCRIPTION:Noah Mitchell \n\nMapping the Mechanics and Dynamics of Gut Mo
 rphogenesis \n\nAbstract: \nDuring embryonic development\, the gut transfo
 rms from laminar tissue sheets into a closed tube\, sculpts distinct compa
 rtments along its long axis\, and coils into a chiral shape. I will presen
 t ongoing work on understanding the mechanics by which these three morphog
 enetic events unfold in the embryonic Drosophila midgut. A computational t
 oolkit\, TubULAR\, plays a central role by parameterizing the complex tiss
 ue deformations involved and enabling whole-organ characterization of the 
 dynamics. \n\nShaping Growing Tissues by Basement Membrane Mechanics \n\nS
 tefan Harmansa\n\nAbstract: \nGrowing tissues are constantly exposed to me
 chanical stresses that lead to deformations on the cell and tissue level s
 haping the 3-dimensional morphology of developing tissues.  Stresses can o
 riginate from cellular activity within a tissue or from mechanical interac
 tions with surrounding structures. I will first consider stresses that ori
 ginate from a growth difference (anisotropy) between epithelial tissues an
 d their surrounding basement membrane (BM). I will subsequently explore ho
 w the mechanical interplay between epithelial growth\, basement membrane m
 echanics and tissue-extrinsic stresses guides cell and tissue shape during
  Drosophila wing disc morphogenesis.  \n\nThe wing disc is a flattened\, e
 pithelial cyst consisting of two tissue layers\, the columnar disc proper 
 epithelium (DP) and the squamous peripodial epithelium (PPE). We have prev
 iously shown that a differential anisotropy in growth between the DP tissu
 e and its BM drives the bending of the wing disc in a tissue-autonomous ma
 nner. In addition\, the stresses originating from DP bending are essential
  in shaping the morphology of the overlaying PPE layer. Notably\, the mech
 anic response of the PPE to this tissue-external bending stress is non-uni
 form in space: While central PPE cells flatten and obtain a squamous morph
 ology in response to the tensile bending stress\, the peripheral PPE cells
  obtain a columnar shape. These inverse shape transitions originate from d
 ifferences in BM mechanics\, where a fluid-like BM allows elastic deformat
 ion of the central PPE cells while a ridged BM shields peripheral PPE from
  this tensile bending stress. These inverse shape transitions are further 
 amplified by selective shearing of the central cells due to epithelial cou
 pling via the apical extracellular matrix protein Dumpy. In summary\, I wi
 ll show how the interplay of tissue intrinsic BM properties and external f
 orces orchestrate cell shape transitions during multilayered epithelial mo
 rphogenesis. \n\n\nJoin the Zoom with the link: \nhttps://cam-ac-uk.zoom.u
 s/j/87503254733\nMeeting ID: 875 0325 4733
LOCATION:Online
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