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CATEGORIES:Genetics Seminar 
SUMMARY:From genomes to genealogies: mapping the history o
 f humans and their genetic variation using ancient
  and modern genomes - Professor Simon Myers\, Nuff
 ield Department of Medicine\, University of Oxford
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20201126T133000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20201126T143000
UID:TALK151144AThttp://talks.cam.ac.uk
URL:http://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/151144
DESCRIPTION:Genetic variation is shaped through evolutionary p
 rocesses acting on our genomes over hundreds of mi
 llennia\, including past migrations\, isolation by
  distance\, population bottlenecks\, and natural s
 election. Such events are reflected in the genealo
 gical trees that relate individuals back in time. 
 We have developed an approach\, Relate\, to recons
 truct such genealogies from genetic variation data
  for many thousands of individuals. Application of
  Relate to human data provides evidence of directi
 onal impacts of natural selection on many human tr
 aits\, for example towards increased Type II diabe
 tes risk in some populations\, and of mutation pro
 cesses through time\, while simultaneously inferri
 ng demographic histories by estimating coalescence
  rates among different lineages through time.  \n\
 nAncient genomes can provide a direct snapshot of 
 historical genetic variation\, and so add substant
 ial information. We will discuss an extension to t
 he Relate algorithm for incorporating such samples
 \, which we use to reconstruct joint genealogies o
 f the Simon’s Genome Diversity Project dataset and
  previously published high-coverage ancient humans
 . For low-coverage genomes\, which cannot yet be i
 ncorporated fully into genealogies\, we instead de
 veloped a fast and scalable method\, Colate\, enab
 ling inference of historical coalescence rates bas
 ed on a reference Relate genealogy. Together\, the
 se tools allow us to build joint population histor
 ies of hundreds of previously published ancient sa
 mples dating back thousands of years\, and modern 
 samples. We characterise how these ancients relate
  to modern human groups through time\, alongside w
 ide-spread recent relatedness for both ancient and
  some modern samples.
LOCATION:Zoom meeting
CONTACT:Caroline Newnham
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