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SUMMARY:The continued marginalisation of cocoa farmers: from colonialism t
 o contemporary\, climate-smart governance - Victoria Maguire-Rajpaul Unive
 rsity of Oxford
DTSTART:20190619T120000Z
DTEND:20190619T130000Z
UID:TALK124033@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Peadar Brehony
DESCRIPTION:Smallholders in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana supply >60% of the 
 world’s cocoa to the $103bn chocolate industry. Chocolate corporations r
 ely on low-cost labour and forest land\, yet decades of extensive cultivat
 ion have deforested the world’s top two cocoa-producing countries. Addit
 ionally\, climate change threatens cocoa yields. Chocolate corporations re
 spond to these challenges with ‘climate-smart’ cocoa schemes that seek
  to govern the conduct of Ivorian and Ghanaian smallholders across a natio
 nal border with divergent histories\, languages\, and institutions. Despit
 e a highly diffuse producer base comprising 1.7 million heterogeneous farm
 ers\, cocoa trade and governance are becoming highly concentrated in the h
 eadquarters of oligopolistic chocolate corporations. I discuss smallholder
  exclusion in ‘climate-smart’ cocoa policy negotiations through Fletch
 er’s neoliberal environmentality paradigm (2010\, 2017)\, and by drawing
  on historical precedents to illustrate long-standing power asymmetry in c
 ocoa value chains. Since ‘climate-smart’ cocoa schemes could perpetuat
 e – and by some measures even exacerbate – smallholder marginalisation
 \, I introduce alternative governance mechanisms that integrate landscape 
 and forest management with food security goals and other pro-poor approach
 es.
LOCATION:Hardy Building 101 (first floor)\, Downing Site\, Cambridge
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