Abstract

Massive black holes of million solar mass and above are commonly hosted by massive galaxies, but are also present in local dwarf galaxies. Black holes are a fundamental component of galaxies and galaxy evolution, but their origin and evolution are still far from being understood. Large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulations are crucial to understand massive black hole growth and their interplay with their host galaxies. We recently compared the black hole populations of six of these simulations and I will review how the simulation sub-grid models affect the build-up of the black hole population and their correlations with galaxies properties. The next two decades will be dedicated to the exploration of the high-redshift Universe with upcoming space missions such as JWST , Athena, Roman, and LISA . I will present how we can use cosmological simulations to prepare these missions and maximize their scientific return.