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CATEGORIES:Genetics Seminar 
SUMMARY:Genomics of speciation and adaptation in the Lake 
 Malawi cichlid fish radiation - Professor Richard 
 Durbin\, Department of Genetics
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/London:20200213T140000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/London:20200213T150000
UID:TALK129511AThttp://talks.cam.ac.uk
URL:http://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/129511
DESCRIPTION:Our genomes are both the product of evolution\, an
 d the medium through which evolution acts.  Modern
  genomics allows us to observe directly the conseq
 uences of evolution acting on genetic variation\, 
 to study the processes that give rise to the diver
 sity of life.  I will discuss our studies on one o
 f the largest recent adaptive radiations\, of over
  500 species of cichlid fish in Lake Malawi\, whic
 h have diverged within the last million years.  Th
 ese species demonstrate enormous variation in morp
 hology\, diet\, behaviour and ecology\, although t
 he mean genetic divergence between species is just
  0.2%\, only twice the diversity within modern hum
 ans.  Over the last five years we have started to 
 investigate the genetic history and structure of t
 he radiation by whole genome sequencing samples fr
 om over 300 species/populations.  There is not a s
 imple tree-like phylogeny but rather evidence of h
 ybridisation at the base of the radiation and also
  at multiple points since.  In several cases this 
 was associated with adaptive introgression of func
 tional variation\, for example between deeply dive
 rged deep water clades.  Sequences of over 600 sam
 ples from two recently diverging A. calliptera eco
 morphs from the satellite crater lake Masoko revea
 l 50-100 genomic “islands” of genetic divergence i
 n a background of very low population separation (
 4% Fst).  We have begun to use these data to map l
 oci involved in specific traits by genome wide ass
 ociation.  Most strikingly\, we have identified tw
 o competing XY sex determination loci\, suggesting
  a possible role for rapid evolution of sex determ
 ination in supporting adaptive speciation.
LOCATION:Part II Room\, Department of Genetics\, Downing Si
 te
CONTACT:Caroline Newnham
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